Air Pollution Levels Exceed National Standards, Raises Death Risk Across Age Groups

A recent study highlights alarming health risks linked to elevated air pollution levels across Indian districts, revealing a significant increase in mortality rates for all age groups. The research, conducted by experts from the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, found that air pollution levels exceeding national standards are associated with a dramatic rise in death risk—86 per cent for newborns, 100-120 per cent for children under five, and 13 per cent for adults. 

Impact of exposure to PM2.5 levels

The study analyzed fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations across over 700 districts, utilizing data from the National Family and Health Survey and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The findings indicate that exposure to PM2.5 levels surpassing the NAAQS, set at 40 micrograms per cubic meter, has a profound impact on mortality rates. The risk of death among newborns increased by 19%, children by 17%, and adults by 13 per cent when PM2.5 levels were high.

Significantly, the research revealed that the absence of a separate kitchen in households exacerbates these risks. Newborns and children under five living in regions with high PM2.5 concentrations face nearly double the mortality risk compared to those in areas meeting the NAAQS.

Areas-prone to high levels of PM2.5

The study also points out that high PM2.5 levels are prevalent across the Indo-Gangetic Plain, largely due to agricultural practices like crop residue burning and emissions from industrial activities. Additionally, limited use of clean fuels and the reliance on traditional fuels such as firewood and animal dung in many regions contribute to elevated pollution levels.  

This research marks a departure from earlier studies by integrating district-level pollution data with mortality estimates, offering a comprehensive view of the health impacts associated with air pollution. The analysis employed the Greenhouse Gas Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies model, developed by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, to assess the effects of various emission reduction strategies.

In summary, the study underscores the urgent need for improved air quality management and cleaner household energy solutions to mitigate these severe health risks.

(With PTI Inputs)