Deciphering The Three Main Architectural Styles Of Ancient Indian Temples

We all know that there are seven wonders of the world. However, if we start looking for architectural marvels in India, the list will be way longer. Ancient Indian temples are renowned for their architectural grandeur and spiritual significance. Throughout history, various architectural styles have emerged, each showcasing unique characteristics and influences. Here are three main architectural styles of ancient Indian temples.

Nagara Style

The Nagara style, also known as the Northern or Indo-Aryan style, originated in the northern regions of India. Characterised by its towering spires or shikharas, Nagara temples are known for their verticality and ornate decorations. These temples typically consist of a sanctum sanctorum (garbhagriha), a vestibule (antarala), and a pillared hall (mandapa). The shikharas are often intricately carved with depictions of gods, goddesses, mythical creatures, and celestial beings. Examples of Nagara style temples include the famous Kandariya Mahadeva Temple in Khajuraho, Konark sun Temple and the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya.

Dravidian Style

Originating in the southern regions of India, the Dravidian style is characterised by its pyramid-shaped towers or vimanas, which are typically taller and more elaborate than those found in Nagara temples. Dravidian temples often have large, open courtyards surrounded by pillared halls. The sacred sanctorum houses the main deity, while the vimana rises above it, adorned with intricate sculptures and carvings. These temples are known for their colourful gopurams (entrance gateways), which are adorned with sculptures depicting various deities and scenes from Hindu mythology. Prominent examples of Dravidian style temples include the Meenakshi Amman Temple in Madurai and the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple in Srirangam.

Vesara Style

The Vesara style, also known as the Deccan or mixed style, emerged as a fusion of the Nagara and Dravidian styles, predominantly found in the Deccan region of India. Vesara temples exhibit a combination of features from both styles, such as a blend of pyramidal and curvilinear towers, as well as a mix of horizontal and vertical architectural elements. These temples often feature intricate carvings depicting a diverse range of subjects, including gods, goddesses, mythical creatures, and secular motifs. Examples of Vesara style temples include Kallesvara temple, Ramalingesvara temple, Mahadeva temple.