World Alzheimer's Day 2023: Early warning signs, stages, how to care for patients

September 21 marks World Alzheimer's Day, a day dedicated to spreading awareness about Alzheimer's disease and challenging the stigma associated with it. According to the World Health Organization, Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60–70% of dementia cases worldwide. To shed light on this debilitating condition, Republic Digital spoke with Psychiatrist Dr Nikunj S Gokani, who shared his insights about Alzheimer's.

2 things you need to know

• Early Alzheimer's detection enhances treatment options and outcomes.
• The stigma surrounding Alzheimer's perpetuates misconceptions and hinders support and understanding.

What is Alzheimer's?

Dr Gokani explained, "Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the brain, leading to a decline in cognitive functions and memory. It is the most common cause of dementia among older adults."

While the exact cause remains elusive, it involves the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, such as beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, disrupting normal brain function and causing the death of brain cells. This results in a gradual deterioration of a person's ability to think, reason, communicate, and perform daily activities.

Recognising early warning signs

Recognising the early signs of Alzheimer's is crucial for timely intervention. Dr Gokani highlighted the common warning signs, saying, "Memory loss that disrupts daily life, difficulty in planning, completing routine tasks, confusion about time or place, and trouble with visual and spatial relationships are some red flags. Additionally, problems with language, misplacing items, and changes in judgement, personality, and mood are key indicators."

(Lost in a maze of memories, the battle against Alzheimer's | Image: Shutterstock)

He also pointed out less common but equally important warning signs, such as unexplained personality changes, apathy, difficulty with complex tasks and challenges in understanding visual information.

Navigating the stages

The doctor discussed the stages of Alzheimer's disease, which can vary from person to person.

Early stage (Mild Alzheimer's)

In this stage, memory problems become noticeable but may be attributed to normal ageing. Individuals can still perform daily activities with minimal assistance.

Middle stage (Moderate Alzheimer's)

Memory and cognitive impairments become more pronounced, often requiring assistance with daily living tasks. Behavioural and psychological symptoms may also emerge.

Late stage (Severe Alzheimer's)

Severe cognitive decline occurs, leading to a loss of awareness of time and surroundings. Communication becomes increasingly challenging and individuals rely heavily on caregivers for all aspects of care.

On this World Alzheimer's Day, it is crucial to spread awareness, challenge the stigma and support ongoing research to find effective treatments and ultimately a cure for this devastating disease. As Dr Gokani aptly put it, "Knowledge is our most potent weapon against Alzheimer's, and early detection can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected."