Nikhuli's Cosmic Journey: Naga-Inspired Star Cluster Aids Black Hole Discovery in NGC 4424

In a groundbreaking astronomical discovery, NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope have identified a potential delivery system for black holes in galaxy NGC 4424, located 54 million light-years away in Virgo galaxy cluster. This discovery features an intriguing cluster of stars, nicknamed “Nikhuli,” which derives its name from Sumi language, signifying Tulini festive period celebrated in Nagaland , India. findings were detailed in a paper published in December 2021 issue of Astrophysical Journal.

inset image of NGC 4424 showcases Chandra X-ray data in blue alongside optical data in red, which has been justed to highlight faint features. This close-up view spans approximately 1,700 light-years, drawing attention to Nikhuli, an elongated red object interpreted by researchers as a cluster of stars. 

Nikhuli’s Naga Connection:

Nikhuli’s designation is particularly meaningful, linking cosmos with cultural heritage, as Minister Abu Metha of Nagaland expressed excitement on Twitter: “NIKHULI – A Naga name 54 million light-years away. An astronomical research breakthrough by NASA; gets a proud Naga name from Sumi community – a tribe known for ir brave warriors. Many many moons from today, our future generations may make ‘contact’ or even visit Nikhuli!! Imagine celebrating Tuluni re!!”

A Galactic Collision and Fate of Nikhuli

Researchers have orized that Nikhuli likely represents center of a small galaxy that has lost most of its stars during a collision with larger galaxy NGC 4424. As it approaches center of NGC 4424, Nikhuli has been stretched by gravitational forces, contributing to its elongated shape. Currently, Nikhuli is situated about 1,300 light-years from center of NGC 4424, significantly closer than Earth’s proximity to Milky Way's giant black hole.

Chandra data reveal a point source of X-rays, suggesting a potential explanation for its origin. Researchers propose that matter from Nikhuli may be rapidly falling into a stellar-mass black hole. However, due to expected rarity of such smaller black holes in a cluster like Nikhuli, authors lean toward idea that X-ray emissions are from material grually falling onto a more massive black hole, estimated to be between 40,000 and 150,000 solar masses. This mass aligns with anticipated size of black hole located at center of NGC 4424.

This study suggests that Nikhuli may act as a conduit for supplying black holes to NGC 4424, potentially delivering a massive black hole as it orbits larger one. Over time, distance between se two black holes is expected to diminish, leing to production of gravitational waves as y merge. This cosmic event could have significant implications for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.

collaboration between astronomers across globe, including Alister Graham from Swinburne Astronomy Online, Roberto Soria from University of Chinese Acemy of Sciences, and ors, highlights fusion of science and culture. As Nikhuli's story unfolds, it serves as a reminder of connections between our cultural heritage and vastness of universe, inspiring future generations to explore cosmos.