Russian Cosmonaut bioprints 3D human cartilage onboard International Space Station

For first time ever, Russia researchers have assembled 3D human tissue onboard International Station (ISS). As per a study published in Science vances, a team of cosmonaut led by Vlislav Parfev at  Russian Acemy of Sciences and 3D Bioprinting Solutions produced human cartils from isolated cells on flights, a first of its kind breakthrough in regenerating 3D tissues.

Employing techniques such as removable supports and application of external forces from  acoustic and electrostatic fields, researchers seeded cells onto biocompatible scaffolds that assembled itself into 3D organs after it biodegred in cellular structures. As per  study, this techlogy has witnessed a surge in recent times, although, more flexible, scaffold-free approaches have also emerged.

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"Scaffold is defined as temporal and removable support, which is different from n-biodegrable implants and prosses. It is an essential element in TE techlogy framework that results in bio fabrication of  three-dimensional (3D) organ construct"  study mentioned.

Researchers observed that  Scaffold-free TE supported platforms that enabled cells (or tissue spheroids) to undergo self-assembly or self-organisation, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. approach used magnetic levitation to guide cells or tissue spheroids into 3D structures in magnetic field grient generated by strong magnets.

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Furr, in study, le authors wrote that  cartil bio assembly was conducted in to experiment with effects of microgravity on human intervertebral discs and articular cartils. “So far, just two studies on bio-fabrication of cartil in have been performed, because experiments are extremely expensive and time-consuming,” researchers revealed in study.  

Bio-assembler “Bioprinter Organ Aut” created in

Creation of 3D cartil, under microgravity conditions in , led scientist to creation of vel custom-designed magnetic bio-assembler “Bioprinter Organ Aut” and artificial fields designed with COMSOL software.

“ main reason for us to make described experiment in was assumption that microgravity would give us possibility to perform magnetic levitation at a low, ntoxic concentration in comparison with ground conditions,” researchers explained. “Tissue spheroids are rar large and heavy biological objects, we faced a dilemma,” y ded.

“Magnetic bio-assembler Bioprinter Organ Aut used in current study represents a new research tool intended and opted for magnetic levitational experiments on ISS,” researchers concluded. 

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(Ims Credit: AP File)