Sunita Williams Explores 'Gardening in Space' as 10-Day Space Mission Stretches to 50 Days

Indian-origin astronaut Sunita Williams, who launched on the Boeing Starliner's maiden flight for what was initially planned as a 10-day mission, has now been in space for over 50 days. Her extended stay is due to technical issues with the spacecraft, including glitches in its propulsion system following a series of helium leaks.

Despite these challenges, NASA assures that Williams and her fellow astronaut, Barry "Butch" Wilmore, are safe aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Since arriving on June 6, they have been helping the Expedition 71 crew with maintenance tasks and various experiments.

Williams is investigating what variables impact plant growth in space 

One of Williams' notable contributions involves experimenting with fluid physics to overcome the challenges of growing plants in microgravity. This research, akin to "gardening in space," is crucial for future space missions and the establishment of bases on other planets. Williams is investigating how surface tension and other factors affect plant growth in space, which could be vital for long-term space exploration.

In addition to plant research, Williams and Wilmore have been involved in vein scans using an ultrasound device. They have been scanning each other's veins and those of fellow astronaut Matthew Dominick to help scientists understand how microgravity impacts the human body.

What other research is underway? 

Advanced biological research is also underway on the ISS. Williams has been extracting DNA to analyze microbe samples from the station's water systems. This research aims to improve crew health and spacecraft hygiene for future missions.

Here is what else you need to know 

Back on Earth, Boeing engineers are working to address the technical issues with the Starliner. They have been testing thrusters on replicas of the spacecraft to understand the problems and ensure a safe return for Williams and Wilmore. 

NASA recently announced that "Engineering teams with NASA and Boeing recently completed ground hot fire testing of a Starliner reaction control system thruster at White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico, USA. The test series involved firing the engine through similar in-flight conditions the spacecraft experienced during its approach to the space station, as well as various stress-case firings for what is expected during Starliner's undocking and the deorbit burn that will position the spacecraft for a landing in the southwestern United States. Teams are analysing the data from these tests."

An update on the tests and a possible return date for Williams and Wilmore are expected to be announced on Thursday.