'Printing money': booming mask producers in China meet global demand

As the coronavirus pandemic that originated in a central Chinese city has gone global, thousands of factories in China have nimbly turned to a new and very profitable market face masks for export.

At the height of China's outbreak in early February, Guan Xunze's company created a new mask factory in just eleven days. The factory, with five production lines in northeastern China, made the much-needed N95 face masks which were in huge demand as infection numbers surged.

As cases in the country have dwindled, the 34-year-old who was previously in pharmaceuticals is now profiting from new markets and exporting masks to Italy, where the death toll has overtaken that of China. In the first two months of the year, a staggering 8,950 new manufacturers started producing masks in China, according to business data platform Tianyancha racing to fill the huge gap in demand.

But after the virus epicentre of Hubei province was placed on lockdown and the initial frenzy began to die down in China, virus outbreaks emerged in new hotspots elsewhere in the world.Globally more than 400,000 have been infected with the deadly coronavirus, and demand for protective equipment is still soaring as nations across the globe battle the outbreak. "A mask machine is a real cash printer," said Shi Xinghui, sales manager of an N95 mask machine company in Dongguan city, southeastern Guangdong province.

"The profit of a mask now is at least several cents compared to less than one in the past. "Printing 60,000 or 70,000 masks a day is equivalent to printing money." Qi Guangtu has put more than 50 million yuan (USD 7 million) into his factory producing mask-making machines in the southern industrial hub of Dongguan.

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It has been in 24-hour continuous production since January 25  two days after the dramatic lockdown of Wuhan, where the virus first emerged. "Cost recovery is certainly not a problem," he said, adding that 70 sets of equipment have been sold for more than 500,000 yuan (USD 71,000) each.

He has more than 200 additional orders in hand, worth over 100 million yuan (14 million). "The machines pay for themselves in 15 days, " said Qi, saying the investment is worth it for his clients. Manufacturer You Lixin had never set foot in a mask factory before. But as the market soared and he saw the opportunity, it took him just ten days from first deciding to enter the industry to delivering automated machines capable of producing masks. "I slept two or three hours a day, so did my clients," he said.

You's clients also slept in his plant, waiting desperately to collect their new machinery. Some of them are garment factory owners in Wenzhou, eastern Zhejiang province, who had switched to producing face masks. "They were facing orders they had insufficient capacity to deliver, and they couldn't make the deliveries," You said.

"The panic intensified as the crisis accelerated at that time." The high levels of mask production has dramatically pushed up prices for raw materials. According to Guan, the price of fabric has risen astronomically -- from 10,000 yuan to 480,000 yuan per tonne.

Producer Liao Biao struggled to bring back the components of mask machine piece by piece from outside Hunan Province in late January, with the cross province border closed. Finally, to pay an expert tester for the mask machines, Liao paid more than ten times the normal price. "Investment is blind now," You said.

But despite the rising costs of production, the profits still make the industry appealing. According to China's official figures, China's daily mask production has passed 116 million now, with many meeting overseas demand. Guan has already delivered one million masks to Italy, while Shi currently has more than 200 orders from South Korea and countries in the European Union.

"Dongguan remains the world's factory," said Shi. "The first peak of orders was during the middle of February. Now there is a second wave because of the pandemic," said Shi. Liao is also seeking to export his masks to Europe and Canada. "The demand for masks has been alleviated at home -- now we can have some surplus to support other countries," said Liao. "We are willing to help others." And Guan is optimistic about the future of the industry beyond the outbreak. "Most people will have the habit wearing a mask after this outbreak," said Guan. "I'll stay in the industry."

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