2019 likely to be planet's second warmest calendar year: Report

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in a report stated that 2019 is the second or third hottest calendar year since the collection of temperature data began in 1880. The latest report by the NOAA indicated that there was an 85% chance of the current calendar year the second warmest with a slight possibility of it shifting to the 3rd hottest year.

The NOAA report

According to reports, NOAA discovered that global temperatures both on land and ocean surfaces for the month of October were 1.76 degrees above the average global temperature of the 20th century. October 2019 turned out to be one of the 10 warmest Octobers since 2003 and one of the top five warmest months since 2015. 

NOAA also found that the average global land and ocean temperatures have been 1.69 degrees above the average temperature of the 20th century, just 0.16 cooler in comparison to the warmest year ever recorded in 2016.

According to the organisation, the temperatures in the month of October were recorded across different parts in the North and Western Pacific Ocean, northeastern Canada alongside various parts of the South Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Indian Ocean, the Middle East, South America, and Africa.

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The only region with a cold environment was in the western part of the US that had the majority of the Rockies at a record cold temperature for the month of October. According to reports, even after the absence of El Nino in the tropical Pacific, global average temperatures of the sea have been recorded as the second warmest for the particular month, recorded less than 10th of a degree behind 2016, a year that recorded a big El Nino event.

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EU, NASA and NOAA's way of recording temperatures

However, there might be a difference in the way NASA records temperatures as they compare temperatures across the Arctic with an assumption that temperatures across the region are similar to the closest observation station whereas NOAA does not include parts of the Arctic in its recorded data.

Taking into consideration the differences that might be observed between NASA and NOAA, EU's Copernicus Climate Change Service observed October as the hottest month slightly eclipsing the month of October in 2016 whereas the agencies ranked October as the second hottest month.

EU's Copernicus Service uses computer modeling data to analyse and monitor Earth's weather in almost real-time whereas NOAA and NASA rely on weather service stations that tend to be biased involving their precise setting.

According to reports, the 2019 calendar year is set to be the second or the third hottest year as it is a mirror reflection of long-term human orchestrated abuse of the environment and global warming with the absence of strong El Nino event in the tropical Pacific this year.

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(With inputs from agencies)