Indian Navy’s Ops Specialists: How VBSS Teams and MARCOS Operate Differently

New Delhi, India- The Indian Navy's operational framework comprises several specialized units, each trained for distinct missions essential to safeguarding India's maritime interests. Among these units, the Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) teams and Marine Commandos (MARCOS) are pivotal forces, designed for unique roles in maritime security. While both units contribute significantly to the Navy’s overall strategy, their operational scopes, training regimens, and mission profiles set them apart. Mission Objectives: Maritime Boarding Actions vs. Special Operations VBSS teams are primarily tasked with maritime law enforcement and compliance missions. Their operations typically involve boarding and inspecting vessels to ensure adherence to international maritime laws, countering piracy, and preventing the smuggling of contraband. These missions are often non-combative but require tactical precision and the ability to handle escalations.Indian Navy's VBSS team during Exercise Varuna '23. | Credit- Indian NavyIn contrast, MARCOS are the Indian Navy’s elite special forces, specializing in high-risk missions that demand a greater level of combat readiness. Their objectives include clandestine reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, amphibious warfare, and hostage rescue. Unlike VBSS teams, MARCOS operate across a broader spectrum, including land and air-based missions, making them a versatile component of India’s security apparatus. Operational Scope: Standard Procedures vs. Strategic Tactics VBSS operations are divided into three categories based on the level of threat: Assisted Boarding: Cooperative inspections during peacetime. Unassisted Boarding: Dealing with uncooperative but non-hostile vessels. Combat Boarding: Conducted in hostile scenarios, often requiring the support of MARCOS. While VBSS teams are primarily tasked with enforcing maritime regulations during peacetime, MARCOS undertake operations that are predominantly offensive. These include sabotage missions, neutralizing hostile forces, and conducting high-value raids. Their ability to execute missions in denied or hostile environments, such as insurgency-affected areas or enemy waters, highlights their advanced capabilities. Training: Tactical Proficiency vs. Elite Combat Skills The training regimen for VBSS teams focuses on developing tactical skills required for vessel inspections, including close-quarters combat, search and seizure techniques, and basic law enforcement. Team members undergo rigorous physical training, weapon handling courses, and psychological conditioning to ensure they can handle dynamic situations aboard ships.MARCOS (Left) and Indian Navy's VBSS Team (Right). | Credit- Indian NavyMARCOS, on the other hand, endure one of the most challenging training regimens globally. Their selection process includes a demanding "Hell Week," followed by advanced courses in combat diving, parachuting, unconventional warfare, and demolition techniques. MARCOS training extends beyond national boundaries, with some personnel receiving specialized training from international forces, including the US Navy SEALs and British SAS. This comprehensive preparation equips them for multifaceted combat scenarios. Deployment: Specific Tasks vs. Broad Engagements VBSS teams are deployed on various naval platforms, including frigates, destroyers, and patrol vessels. Their team size and composition depend on the mission type, with smaller teams for standard inspections and larger units for complex scenarios.VBSS Team (Left) and Marine Commandos (Right). | Credit- Indian NavyIn comparison, MARCOS operate with smaller, highly specialized units designed for surgical strikes. Their deployment extends beyond maritime zones, with operations in insurgency-affected regions such as Jammu and Kashmir and counter-piracy missions in the Gulf of Aden. MARCOS are also equipped for urban warfare, as demonstrated during the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, where they played a critical role in neutralizing terrorists. Equipment and Technology: Standard Kits vs. Cutting-Edge Arsenal VBSS teams are equipped with standard boarding gear, including firearms, handcuffs, and communication devices. Their focus is on operational functionality rather than advanced combat gear. MARCOS, however, have access to state-of-the-art equipment, including suppressed firearms, combat diving gear, and specialized weaponry like the Heckler &amp; Koch MP5 and TAR-21 assault rifles. Their advanced deployment systems, such as mini-submarines and high-speed inflatable boats, further enhance their operational capabilities.Indian Navy VBSS (Left) and MARCOS (Right). | Credit- Indian NavyThe distinction between VBSS teams and MARCOS underscores the Indian Navy’s multi-layered approach to maritime security. While VBSS teams ensure compliance and order during peacetime, MARCOS stand ready to counter high-stakes threats that demand decisive action. Together, these units form a cohesive force, addressing the full spectrum of challenges in India’s maritime domain. This dual-layered strategy not only secures India’s waters but also reinforces its capability to respond to evolving maritime threats effectively. As the nation continues to expand its naval footprint, both VBSS teams and MARCOS remain integral to its mission of safeguarding sovereignty and promoting regional stability.

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Indian Navy’s Ops Specialists: How VBSS Teams and MARCOS Operate Differently

The Indian Navy employs a dual-layered approach to maritime security through its specialized units: Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) teams and MARCOS.

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