Climate Change Multiplying Chances of Temperatures Reaching 40 Degrees Celsius by Holi: Report

New Delhi: As per a new analysis of temperature data since 1970 by a group of US-based researchers, climate change is making it increasingly likely for temperatures in India to soar towards the 40 degrees Celsius mark by the time Holi is celebrated in late March. Researchers at the US-based Climate Central used this analysis to place India within the context of global warming trends. 

The group's research revealed that, in the early 1970s, it was exceedingly rare for parts of India to experience temperatures of 40 degrees Celsius in late March when Holi is celebrated. 

Back then, the group claims, only the states of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Bihar had an above five per cent chance of experiencing temperatures of 40 degrees Celsius around the time of Holi. Now, nine states have such a chance — Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.

Among these states, Maharashtra has the highest probability (14 per cent) of experiencing such temperatures by late March. 

To show this change, the researchers calculated the difference between the warming rates in March and April, expressed as the change in average temperature since 1970.

The researchers said a total of 37 cities now have at least a one per cent chance of experiencing 40 degrees Celsius or warmer temperatures, and 11 cities have a 10 per cent or greater probability.

With the exception of Madurai, the 15 cities with the highest risk of experiencing temperatures above 4 degrees Celsius are in central India, the analysis showed.

Bilaspur faces the highest risk at 31 per cent, and its chances of reaching 40 degrees Celsius are now 2.5 times higher than in the 1970s.

Indore shows the largest change in risk, with an 8 per cent probability, 8.1 times higher than in the past.

Madurai and Bhopal also have very large changes (7.1 and 5.5 times higher, respectively) and relatively high overall risk (19 per cent and 12 per cent).

Climate Central said March and April are warming across India.

Every region considered had net warming during both March and April. During March, the northern and western regions have the fastest warming, with the largest change since 1970 in March occurring in Jammu and Kashmir (2.8 degrees Celsius).

Warming is more uniform in April and Mizoram has the largest change since 1970 (1.9 degrees Celsius).

"There has been an abrupt transition in the temperatures from cool winter-like temperatures to much warmer conditions now. After the strong warming trend observed in February, March is also likely to follow the same pattern. These warming trends in India are a clear sign of the impacts of human-led climate change," said Andrew Pershing, VP for Science, Climate Central.

The independent group of scientists and communicators previously said that winters are quickly transitioning into summer-like conditions in north India, shortening the spring season.

The average temperatures in states in north India showed either a cooling trend or slight warming in January, followed by strong warming in February.

This indicates that these regions are now experiencing abrupt transitions from cool winter-like temperatures into much warmer conditions traditionally observed in March, the researchers said.

Mahesh Palawat, Vice President of Meteorology and Climate Change at Skymet Weather, said: "There is no denying the fact that climate change is behind the soaring mercury levels. Heatwaves in March were rare but with the increasing global warming, the probability of heatwaves or high temperatures has increased. We will witness similar weather conditions this year as well. This trend will continue in the coming days and we must prepare for an intense summer season ahead." Global average temperatures have risen by more than 1.1 degrees Celsius since 1850, exacerbating climate impacts, with 2023 being the hottest on record.

According to the World Meteorological Organization's "State of the Global Climate 2023" report, Greenhouse gas levels, surface temperatures, ocean heat and acidification, and sea level rise all reached record highs in 2023.

The greenhouse gases spewed into the atmosphere, largely due to the burning of fossil fuels since the start of the Industrial Revolution, are closely tied to it.

Climate science says the world needs to slash CO2 emissions by 43 per cent by 2030 to limit the average temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the guardrail to prevent worsening of climate impacts.

The business-as-usual scenario will take the world to a temperature rise of around 3 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, scientists have warned. 

With inputs from PTI.