World Lung Day 2023: Common lung diseases, signs, prevention

The respiratory system, often taken for granted, is a vital component of our overall health. Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, it plays a crucial role in sustaining life. However, this complex system is susceptible to a range of conditions that can hinder its functionality. As we mark World Lung Day 2023 on September 25, let's explore the common warning signs of lung disease and the steps to maintain optimal lung health.

2 things you need to know

• Recognise warning signs for lung disease - early detection matters.
• Lifestyle choices impact lung health: Avoid smoking and pollution.

Recognising Early Warning Signs

Dr. Sachin Kumar, Senior Consultant in Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine at Sakra World Hospital, sheds light on the common symptoms that individuals should be vigilant about. He states, "The early signs of lung disease, including reduced energy levels, can also manifest as symptoms like breathing difficulties, shortness of breath, persistent cough, coughing up blood or mucus, and discomfort when breathing. Additionally, recurrent lung infections such as acute bronchitis or pneumonia can be indicative of underlying lung problems. Recognizing these early warning signs and recurring infections is vital for early intervention in lung-related health issues."

(World Lung Day 2023 explores the common warning signs of lung disease | Image: iStock)

Lifestyle and Lung Health

Dr Viswesvaran Balasubramanian, Consultant in Interventional Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine at Yashoda Hospitals, explains how lifestyle choices can impact lung health: "Smoking and exposure to air pollution are linked to various lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive lung diseases, and bronchiectasis. They can also lead to interstitial lung disease and increase the risk of lung cancer. Early-life exposure to smoking and air pollution can result in suboptimal lung development."

Debunking Lung Health Myths

Addressing misconceptions about lung health, Dr. Sachin Kumar dispels some common myths:  "Firstly, smoking is often considered the sole cause of lung disease, but other factors matter. Secondly, quitting smoking may help but may not fully reverse the damage. Thirdly, while fresh air is important, medical treatment is often necessary. Fourthly, lung diseases can develop silently without obvious symptoms. Finally, lung cancer doesn't discriminate by gender; many women who never smoked are affected."

Protecting and Maintaining Lung Health

To safeguard lung health, Dr. Sachin Kumar advises, "Refrain or quit smoking. Minimise exposure to pollutants and engage in regular physical activity. Consume a well-rounded diet and ensure adequate hydration. Embrace proper hygiene practices and effectively manage stress. Stay up-to-date on vaccinations and reduce indoor pollutant sources. Regularly schedule check-ups, particularly if you have risk factors."

Dr. Viswesvaran Balasubramanian emphasises the importance of seeking medical advice promptly if concerning symptoms arise: "Inhaling healthy air, aerobic exercises, avoidance of smoking and air pollution, vaccination against pneumonia, and adopting good hygiene measures can improve your lung health. Any new onset of difficulty in breathing, cough with blood in sputum, or chest pain warrants immediate medical consultation with your pulmonologist, as it may indicate a possibility of underlying lung infection like tuberculosis or malignancy."